General Information

  • ID:  hor006366
  • Uniprot ID:  P01272
  • Protein name:  Glucagon-like peptide 2
  • Gene name:  GCG
  • Organism:  Bos taurus (Bovine)
  • Family:  Glucagon family
  • Source:  Animal
  • Expression:  Glucagon release is stimulated by hypoglycemia and inhibited by hyperglycemia, insulin, and somatostatin. GLP-1 and GLP-2 are induced in response to nutrient ingestion (By similarity). |Glucagon is secreted in the A cells of the islets of Langerhans. GLP-
  • Disease:  NA
  • Comments:  NA
  • Taxonomy:  Bos (genus), Bovinae (subfamily), Bovidae (family), Pecora (infraorder), Ruminantia (suborder), Artiodactyla (order), Laurasiatheria (superorder), Boreoeutheria, Eutheria, Theria, Mammalia (class), Amniota, Tetrapoda, Dipnotetrapodomorpha, Sarcopterygii (superclass), Euteleostomi, Teleostomi, Gnathostomata, Vertebrata, Craniata (subphylum), Chordata (phylum), Deuterostomia, Bilateria, Eumetazoa, Metazoa (kingdom), Opisthokonta, Eukaryota (superkingdom), cellular organisms
  • GO MF:  GO:0005179 hormone activity; GO:0031769 glucagon receptor binding; GO:0042802 identical protein binding; GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity
  • GO BP:  GO:0006094 gluconeogenesis; GO:0007188 adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; GO:0007189 adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; GO:0008610 lipid biosynthetic process; GO:0010737 protein kinase A signaling; GO:0010800 positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation; GO:0014823 response to activity; GO:0019249 lactate biosynthetic process; GO:0033138 positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; GO:0035774 positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus; GO:0042593 glucose homeostasis; GO:0043066 negative regulation of apoptotic process; GO:0045722 positive regulation of gluconeogenesis; GO:0050796 regulation of insulin secretion; GO:0050896 response to stimulus; GO:0051571 obsolete positive regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation; GO:0070374 positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; GO:0071377 cellular response to glucagon stimulus; GO:0090280 positive regulation of calcium ion import; GO:1900118 negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis
  • GO CC:  GO:0005576 extracellular region; GO:0005615 extracellular space; GO:0005737 cytoplasm; GO:0005886 plasma membrane

Sequence Information

  • Sequence:  HADGSFSDEMNTVLDSLATRDFINWLLQTKITD
  • Length:  33(146-178)
  • Propeptide:  MKSLYFVAGLFVMLVQGSWQRSLQNTEEKSSSFPAPQTDPLGDPDQINEDKRHSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNTKRNKNNIAKRHDEFERHAEGTFTSDVSSYLEGQAAKEFIAWLVKGRGRRDFPEEVNIVEELRRRHADGSFSDEMNTVLDSLATRDFINWLLQTKITDRK
  • Signal peptide:  MKSLYFVAGLFVMLVQGSWQ
  • Modification:  T5 Phosphoserine;T7 Phosphoserine
  • Glycosylation:  NA
  • Mutagenesis:  NA

Activity

  • Function:  [Glucagon]: Plays a key role in glucose metabolism and homeostasis. Regulates blood glucose by increasing gluconeogenesis and decreasing glycolysis. A counterregulatory hormone of insulin, raises plasma glucose levels in response to insulin-induced hypogl
  • Mechanism:  NA
  • Cross BBB:  NA
  • Target:  GCGR
  • Target Unid:   E1BKB6
  • IC50:  NA
  • EC50:  NA
  • ED50:  NA
  • Kd:  NA
  • Half life:  NA

Structure

  • Disulfide bond:  NA
  • Structure ID:  AF-P01272-F1(AlphaFold_DB_ID)

  • Structure: (PDB_ID-from https://www.rcsb.org/; AlphaFold_DB_ID-from https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/; hordbxxxxxx_AF2.pdb was predicted structure by AlphaFold2; hordbxxxxxx_ESM.pdb was predicted structure by ESMFold)
    •    hor006366_AF2.pdbhor006366_ESM.pdb

Physical Information

Mass: 432611 Formula: C164H253N43O56S
Absent amino acids: CPY Common amino acids: D
pI: 4.01 Basic residues: 3
Polar residues: 10 Hydrophobic residues: 12
Hydrophobicity: -30.61 Boman Index: -6608
Half-Life / Aliphatic Index: 3.5 hour Aliphatic Index: 85.76
Instability Index: 1600.61 Extinction Coefficient cystines: 5500
Absorbance 280nm: 171.88

Literature

  • PubMed ID:  6577439
  • Title:  Mammalian pancreatic preproglucagon contains three glucagon-related peptides.
  • PubMed ID:  5102927
  • Title:  Amino acid sequence of bovine glucagon.
  • PubMed ID:  12554744
  • Title:  Glucagon-like peptides: regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.
  • PubMed ID:  12626323
  • Title:  Glucagon and regulation of glucose metabolis
  • PubMed ID:  10322410
  • Title:  
  • PubMed ID:  10605628
  • Title:  
  • PubMed ID:  6631957
  • Title: